"But where is the genetic basis for empathy with other species?"
Sure, a statement is made. Science asks that it be backed up.
IN no way should one think "one is a machine" doing the bidding of science by asking for such proof. It just seems robot like tome that the emotive inflections are never to be considered in that exchange. Should one then think that the emotive inflections have divested itself of it's reason? That we should also prove "emotive states exist" and are inherent in experience, as well?
Neurological basis
Research in recent years has focused on possible brain processes underlying the experience of empathy. For instance, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) has been employed to investigate the functional anatomy of empathy.[32]These studies have shown that observing another person’s emotional state activates parts of the neuronal network involved in processing that same state in oneself, whether it is disgust,[33]touch,[34]or pain.[35][36][37][38]The study of the neural underpinnings of empathy has received increased interest following the target paper published by Preston and DeWaal,[39]following the discovery of mirror neuronsin monkeys that fire both when the creature watches another perform an action as well as when they themselves perform it. In their paper, they.
argued that 'attended perception of the object's state automatically activates neural representations, and that this activation automatically primes or generate the associated autonomic and somatic responses, unless inhibited. This mechanism is similar to the common coding theorybetween perception and action
Definitely more under that link in regards to the "discussion on empathy."
Beyond the Mirror of Alice
Sometimes those that we have attached ourselves too, can reverberate in "strong emotional upheavals." It is not so unlike that such a cord is cut between them and yourself, at that time to illicit these waves that can roll over? Such an effect can have a far reaching power to it, whose distance cannot be measure in inches or miles. So such celebratory moments are indeed better to propel the spirit "in all aspects?"
The mind-body problem(link)
The mind-body problem concerns the explanation of the relationship that exists between minds, or mental processes, and bodily states or processes.[2] The main aim of philosophers working in this area is to determine the nature of the mind and mental states/processes, and how--or even if--minds are affected by and can affect the body.
Our perceptual experiences depend on stimuli which arrive at our various sensory organs from the external world and these stimuli cause changes in our mental states, ultimately causing us to feel a sensation, which may be
pleasant or unpleasant. Someone's desire for a slice of pizza, for example, will tend to cause that person to move his or her body in a specific manner and in a specific direction to obtain what he or she wants. The question, then, is how it can be possible for conscious experiences to arise out of a lump of gray matter endowed with nothing but electrochemical properties.[11] A related problem is to explain how someone's propositional attitudes (e.g. beliefs and desires) can cause that individual's neurons to fire and his muscles to contract in exactly the correct manner. These comprise some of the puzzles that have confronted epistemologists and philosophers of mind from at least the time of René Descartes.[8]
While this is a philosophical point of view it is still one that speaks to the nature of the "Quantum Mind" although not called particularly hard science, yet, would give a further extension to the matter states that the brain occupies?
A Mind/Body Theory then?
Emotively this would reside just outside, and experience is easily able to pick up this in recognition(empathy) "being more subtle" then what we take for granted in physical appearance?
See:About Cesar Millan
I watch Cesar Millan a lot, and while always having animals of one form or another, it served me well to watch their behaviours while holding an assertiveness that must be demonstrated "as confidence" while dealing with them.
How you carry yourself around them. How you recognize the animal behaviour as a function of the most evolutionary aspect of the people we are, just as we had evolved in the brain structure. So "flight and fight" responses are very close to the surface for animals by nature. I mean sure, certain responses can be illicit based on reward system in one form or another, yet, it is better to see "how that fear manifests in the animals " and not just in the physical appearance, but in what we as animals and human radiate.
Just a thought.
1. Emotional Intelligence by Daniel Goleman,Para3, page 98
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